A popular drug used to treat Type 2 diabetes likely potential to cause side effects such as disruption of pancreatic (pancreas), low levels for some patients. But if the drug is often consumed for a long time, the user at risk of pancreatic cancer.
According to the result of a team of researchers from the University of California (UCLA), United States, as contained in pages ScienceDaily, May 1, 2009. According to the research team, which referred to the diabetes drug sitagliptin, which is sold in pill form with the name Januvia, marketed by Merck & Co.. Inc.
That Drugs cause disturbances in the pancreas. In addition, one of the important organs in the body's digestive system can become inflamed. For the long term, the most severe effect is pancreatic cancer. Sitagliptin is a member of a new class of drugs that can improve the performance of the gut hormone known as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). The hormone was shown to be effective in lowering blood sugar levels for people with Type 2 diabetes.
"Type 2 Diabetes is a lifelong disease. The patient was taking the same drugs for years, it is feared could lead to the emergence of side effects with the risk of pancreatic cancer," said dr. Peter Butler, director of the center Hillblom and concurrent chairman of the research team.
"The problem now is the effects of unwanted medicines for the pancreas that can not be detected by human beings except the pancreas are removed from the body and investigated," continued Butler.
Researchers are also studying the link between Byetta - a drug that is also used for Type 2 diabetes associated with Hanuvia - and inflammation of the pancreas. Therefore Oversight Office at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued warning letters to Amylin Corp., which manufactures Byetta, although there is no certain results about the drug connection with disorders of the pancreas.
To be sure, the UCLA team considered that there may be links between drugs that enhance the action of GLP-1 with inflammation of the pancreas.
However, Butler admitted his team just apply to the rat experiment. Thus, there may be effects found in mice does not occur in humans. "So, while waiting for other data, it is good enough if this temporary use of GLP-1 class of drugs with metformin," said Butler.
wrong medicine could damage your pancreas
Diabetes Danger
Here are some serious dangers caused by diabetes.
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Long-Term Complications
Diabetes can cause long-term complications such as heart attack, stroke, blindness due to glaucoma, kidney disease, and wounds can not heal until the infection and had to be amputated. Even the most dreadful degree is death. These complications caused by blood vessel damage, nerve damage, and the inability of the body against infection. However, not all diabetic patients experience long-term problems of this.
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Hypoglycemia
Although it is not good when a high sugar content, but a patient with diabetes mellitus or diabetes may also be a sudden onset of very low blood sugar below the normal threshold is called hypoglycemia. It's also very dangerous because it can make sufferers shaky, sweaty, tired, hungry, irritable, or confused or fast heartbeat, blurred vision, headache, body numbness, or tingling around the mouth and lips. Even be the seizure or fainting. Often times, proper diet and regular meals can help prevent problems that. Consume glucose, such as fruit juice or glucose tablets, can raise blood sugar levels back to a safer level to other foods can be consumed.
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Ketoacidosis
If glucose can not be processed properly by the body, fat and protein in the body to be utilized by the body's energy. But when the body burns fat, forming a residue called ketones. Ketones accumulate in the blood and flows into the urine. Since the ketone is more acidic than healthy tissue, high levels of ketones in the blood can cause a serious condition called ketoacidosis. The early symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis is thirst and frequent urination, nausea, vomiting, fatigue and abdominal pain (especially in children). Breathing becomes deep and rapid as the body attempts to repair the blood acidity. Patient breath smells like the smell of acetone. Diabetic ketoacidosis could develop into a coma, sometimes within just a few hours.
Prevent and Control Diabetes
Given the dangers and complications that can result from diabetes, then avoid or control high blood sugar levels is the best way. How?
* Lose weight. Fat in the body can absorb insulin.
* Avoid fatty foods, preserved or fried. Instead, choose foods high in carbohydrate and glucose complex.
* Reduce or sweet foods which contain lots of high calorie glucose.
* Drink plenty of water.
* Exercise regularly.
* Avoid stress.
* Avoid alcohol or softdrink.
* Avoid smoking. Diabetics who smoke are even more risky, because of their habits of heart and circulatory system damage, and narrowing of blood vessels. A reference stating that 95 percent of diabetes-related amputations performed on smokers.
* Drink a doctor recommended drug for lowering blood sugar levels.
* For patients with type 1 diabetes, regular insulin should be given through insulin therapy.
Cure diabetes did not exist, but by controlling blood sugar, one can avoid the dangers of this disease. Changing diet and lifestyle for the better and more healthy to be started. People who suspect that he was suffering from diabetes should see a doctor who has experience in the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
Diabetes Symptoms
Because of the lack of insulin and has a high sugar content in blood, then some of the symptoms that are common to both type 1 diabetes or type 2. If you experience some of these symptoms, you'll want to check to determine blood sugar levels. In general, several symptoms that occur include:
* Frequent urination
* Often feel very thirsty
* Often hungry because they do not have enough energy so the body's hunger signals
* Weight loss despite a sudden there is no attempt to lose weight. This is because when the body can not distribute the sugar into the cells, the body burn fat and protein alone to get energy.
* Frequently tingling in the feet or hands.
* Having problems like itchy skin or ulcers.
* If injured, take longer to be cured.
* Changes in behavior such as irritability. The causes for type 1 diabetics often awoke at night to urinate and could not sleep soundly.
* Easy to feel tired.
Are You Affected Diabetes?
Although these symptoms can indicate a person has had diabetes, but the best way to determine whether you have diabetes or not is to do the checking. What can be done to see if you have diabetes? Here are some alternatives that you can do either personally or in clinical tests.
How much sugar levels are normal?
Sugar levels after fasting:
Normal: below 100 mg / dl
Prediabetes: 100-126 mg / dl
Diabetes: above 126 mg / dl
Sugar levels two hours after eating:
Normal: below 140 mg / dl
Prediabetes: 140-200 mg / dl
Diabetes: above 200 mg / dl
Blood Tests
Usually done in the laboratory, which is tested when fasting and postprandial blood. Before conducting the test, you must fast for 12 hours. Normal glucose levels during fasting is below 100 mg / dl. After that, blood sampling will be carried back two hours after eating, when the results above 140 mg / dL may mean you have diabetes.
Urine tests
Urine or urine checked for albumin, sugar and determines the mikroalbuminurea to whether a person suffering from this disease or not. This test was also conducted in the laboratory or clinic.
Glukometer
This test can be done independently at home if you have the appliance. The trick is to put a needle in the finger to take blood samples. Then, blood samples were placed into the gap which is available on glukometer machine. The result is not too accurate, but can be used to monitor the sugar for people with no indication of sugar so that if the height can be checked in the lab and call the doctor. Recent glukometer tools have been designed so easy to use and does not cause pain when taking a blood sample.
diabetes and pancreas cancer
Diabetic which suffered by Americans with middle-aged or older than the newly diagnosed , it also has a high risk of pancreatic cancer. This was revealed in the results of a study conducted at the Mayo Clinic Cancer in the United States, published Tuesday (2 / 8).
Diabetes, During the three years since being diagnosed with patients had a risk eight times higher pancreatic cancer compared with those without diabetes, according to the study. Diabetes itself may be as early symptoms of pancreas cancer, the researchers said. "Pancreatic cancer is difficult to detect until entering an advanced stage, so that life expectancy for patients is very small," said Dr Suresh Chari, who led the study.
"This study is important, because it can lead us to identify indicators that enable early detection and treatment," he said. Pancreatic cancer has killed all the 32 000 people diagnosed with the disease in the United States, so putting this as a killer disease for case number four cancer.
In the journal Gastroenterology, Chari with colleagues say they have conducted a study of 2122 patients from Rochester, Minnesota, aged 50 and more than 50 years who were diagnosed with diabetes between 1950 and 1995. Pancreatic cancer is uncommon and difficult to detect, in which 18 of the patients who performed the study of new cancer diagnosed within three years.
Chari leadership team is then comparing that figure with the number of people with age and same sex who are not diabetic. From there to know that with diabetes have a risk eight times higher pancreatic cancer compared to those without diabetes.
There are two types of diabetes, namely type-2 diabetes can be diagnosed when the body no longer respond properly to insulin, while type-1 diabetes can be caused by damage to cells in the pancreas.
pancreas
The pancreas is a rather narrow length gland. It lies behind the duodenum and contains a collection of cells called Langerhans islands. Langerhans Islands produce insulin and glucagon hormones used to regulate the amount of sugar in the blood. Insulin will convert blood glucose excess into glycogen and then stored in the liver and muscles. At a time when the body requires extra energy, glycogen stored in the liver will be modified by glucagon to glucose which can be used as additional energy.
Pancreas also contains cells that produce pancreatic Lymph. pancreatic Lymph is a digestive Lymph that has an important role in treating the three main groups of organic foods, namely carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. pancreatic Lymph is mainly composed of water, bicarbonate, and enzymes that can be categorized based on the enzyme trypsin, the enzyme amylase, and lipase.
Pancreatic Lymph flowed into duodenum via two channels along the pancreas. In the duodenum, bicarbonate neutralizes acid chymus. Trypsin work on proteins in the food and helped refine the process of digestion in the stomach with pepsin enzyme produced by the stomach. Amylase role in the continuing process of carbohydrate solution that had been initiated by the enzymes in saliva ptyalin. Meanwhile, the lipase has a role no less important in the process of splitting fat.
The development of an artificial pancreas, replacement of the beta cell mass using pluripotent stem cells, and transplantation of pancreatic islets isolated from cadaveric organs are the most promising approaches. At any given moment, any one of these approaches could lead to a breakthrough. Islet transplantation has emerged as a promising alternative to treat diabetes. Even when insulin independence has been achieved only for a relatively short period of time after an islets transplant, the metabolic improvement of an islet graft is clinically significant. The prevention of the immunorejection of an islets graft could make islets transplantation the cure of at least type 1 diabetes.
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